DIY Charger - Possible Project

Are you making these to sell? Will you be sharing your Eagle files here? If you’re not doing this as a community shared project, then do whatever works best for you. If you ARE going to share the files, then it might be nice to keep in mind OSH Park pricing as well, which is $5 per square inch with free shipping for three copies on all 2-layer boards. A lot of members here use Eagle, and also OSH Park. With that fixed pricing, the smaller the design is, the better.

Probably not. I don’t want to string anyone along. I’m doing this in my spare time.

If I get as far as having boards made, I’m open to selling extras at cost. I live in Wales. Postage to the US is going to be a few £’s.

I’ve been satisfied with PCBWay and haven’t looked elsewhere.

I’ll keep OSH park in mind. I’ve never used them. At a minimum I’ll check against their design rules.

Absolutely YES. I’ll also share my bill of materials.

Thinking about including this optional module in the project. Stay tuned.

I would consider a PCBA (assembly) group buy for a bare board with sub-mm pitch parts installed. The LTC4015 is QFN38.

I need to get a rough schematic / block diagram up.

I opened up my Lii-402. They sanded off the numbers.

Almost blank sheet of paper. I’ll make the untested LTC4015 library available if anyone wants it.

Mine arrived yesterday. They sanded most of the part numbers… I’m not going to post any images. There are a couple of videos on YouTube if you are curious.

It is about what you would expect. A micro controller for the display board and another one on the mother board. There are a few power transistors and chokes. The USB power out circuit is at the top by the jacks.

LTC4015E arrived. I’m working on the design. Stay tuned.

…maybe downscale your pictures:

Thanks for that. I didn’t know the syntax.

I use a 27” display, and sometimes forget to scale.

:+1:

You can make it clickable too, linking to full size:

(opens in new tab)

I made two design choices yesterday. Both are open for discussion. It is easy enough to undo this early in the design.

The LTC4015 can reduce charge current if Vin drops below a hardware set threshold. Typical use would be when Vin also powers a device. If the device starts drawing more power, the charger will throttle back. In this application, it would be used if we program a current that is too big for the power supply.

I decided not to implement under voltage current limiting. I will leave it up to the end user to source a suitable power supply. Leaving it out simplifies the board.

Cell count is set in hardware by three pins. The LTC4015 does not monitor individual cells and cannot balance a series string. I’m leaning towards hard wiring this to one cell only.

The other option would be to tie Cells 2 low with jumper selection on Cells 0 and 1. That would allow 1,2,3…6 all the way to 9 cells in series. 3 and 6 would be for 6 and 12V lead acid. If I do that, I’ll design for 15 or 20V Vin Max and 8A I charge max. The higher current would make this more useful for Pb batteries.

Thoughts?

One more thing about jumpers:

The optimal size of the inductor depends on the charge voltage and current. An inductor sized for 13.8v 8A is non-optimal for charging to 4.2V.

Even if I put in cell and chemistry jumpers I will optimise for 4.2V 4A.

The switching frequency is adjustable between 200kHz and 1MHz. The reference designs switch at 500kHz.

The AM broadcast band starts at 520kHz. 500kHz is the upper range I’m going to consider. Anything higher means I need to worry about interfering.

Here in the UK and EU, we also have AM Long Wave from about 148kHz to 283kHz. Many AM radios use 455kHz IF. I don’t want that either.

That leaves me with 300kHz - 430kHz and 480 - 500. Aiming for 500 could end up with at 525kHz or even a bit higher.

525kHz isn’t a problem in the UK.

*F = 47.65/Rt
*

Where F is in MHz.

Trying some standard 1% resistor values:

93.1k = 512kHz Too high. Worst case will be around 540
95.3k = 500kHz
97.6k = 488kHz
100k = 476kHz :slight_smile:
102k = 467kHz
105k = 453kHz
107k
110k = 433kHz

LOVE THIS STUFF!!! Alot of my ideas never make it much further than design either. I’ve been wanting to learn USB/Charging circuitry for awhile and this is :+1: :+1: :+1: !!!

Thank you so much for sharing!!!

You’re welcome.

C1 is a Nichicon UPA 330µF 25V Radial Lead - 8mm diameter 3.5mm lead spacing. The rest are probably 0805 surface mount.

R3 is 301K 0.1% 25ppm

EQ tied to ground. EQ high turns on Pb Acid equalisation charging. I don’t want that, even for lead batteries.

I’ll keep the cells and chemistry jumpers in the design for now. We will see how things go when I get to layout.

Andrew_Debbie, I believe the people here is more concerned with what this can do and not so much with any particular optimizations. I'd stick a BIG ASS inductor in there and let users enjoy unprecedented charging flexibility and features (like fully adjustable charge voltage).

Others may think different, of course.

Cheers

I plan to size the traces and pads for 8A.

See pages 42 –45 of the data sheet for more about inductor values and PCB layout.

There are some implications for higher power and higher voltages.

I’m trying to keep the board under 100mm x 100mm.

Added a few more parts. The Screw terminals at Vin are rated 15A nominal. Should be fine at 8.

R4 is a 10k NTC thermistor. It will end up mounted off board on Rev 0. On the schematic now mostly for BOM. More decisions later. I’m thinking about sacrificing a $4.99 charger for the battery holders.

R7 and R8 are the current sense resistors. The 4015 sets the current by measuring the voltage between CSP and CSN in 1mv steps up to 32mV. Maximum current is at 32mV. 8mΩ == 4Amps and 4mΩ gives 8A.

I’m going to set this up for 2 resistors in parallel. Put both of them in if you want 8A. Only put in 1 for 4A. — Of course you can use different values… The resistors are going to dissipate about 1/8 W. I’m going to use 2 or 3W resistors so that they don’t heat up too much.

CSN and BATSENS both connect to the battery positive terminal. At 8A or even 4A there could be enough voltage drop across the wire from CSN to the battery to matter. I haven’t checked. I’ll also have to model the voltage drop on the negative side. All of that will happen later on, when I start too look at layout and packaging.