This was a great read, thank you. I see this a lot and especially this year where these sites are being shutdown and I have to ask the question why. Part of the prosses is the earth heating up, the polar caps start to melt. When enough melt occurs it starts to change the salinity and temperatures of the oceans affecting the North Atlantic currant, slows down, which is connected to the jet stream. Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees, seawater at 28.4 degrees. Its like a recipe for disaster. The heat melts the caps, the caps change the salinity and temperatures effecting the flow of the oceans, a hard winter hits and the caps start to grow! This has happened with the last four ice ages. NOAA and NASA are starting to realize this in the last couple of years. Our planet can only heat up so much before it starts to freeze and a very small salinity and temperature change in our oceans is all it takes.
Bibliographic Entry Result
(w/surrounding text) Standardized
Result
Spaulding & Markowitz, Heath Earth Science. Heath, 1994: 195. “The Greenland glacier is about 1,700,000 km2 and up to 3 km in thickness.” < 5.1 × 106 km3
(Greenland)
“The Antarctic glacier covers a larger landmass with an area of about 12.5 million km2 and reaches a thickness of nearly 5 km.” < 62.5 × 106 km3
(Antarctica)
“Greenland.” World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 1999: 325. “It covers 672,000 mi2 (1,740,500 km2) or about 4/5 of the island. The ice caps average over 1 mile (1.6 km) thick, and a thickness of over 2 miles (3.2 km) has been measured.” 2.8 × 106 km3
(Greenland)
“Antarctica.” World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 1999: 532. “Its volume of 7¼ million cubic miles (30 million km3) represents about 70% of the world’s fresh water.” 30 × 106 km3
(Antarctica)
Williams, Richard S. Jr., & Jane G. Ferrigno. Estimated present-day area and volume of glaciers and maximum sea level rise potential. Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World. US Geological Survey (USGS). “Geographic region: Greenland
Percent: 10.82
Volume: 2,600,000 km3
Percent: 7.9
Maximum sea level rise potential: 6.5 m
Area: 1,736,095 km2” 2.6 × 106 km3
(Greenland)
“Geographic region: Antarctica
Percent: 84.64
Volume: 30,109,800 km3
Percent: 91.49
Maximum sea level rise potential: 73.44 m
Area: 13,586,400 km2” 30.1098 × 106 km3
(Antarctica)
Schultz, Gwen. Ice Age Lost. 1974. 232, 75. “The US geological survey gives these figures: The Greenland ice cap with its volume of 630,000 cubic miles, if melted could yield enough water to maintain the Mississippi river for over 4,700 years.” 2.6 × 106 km3
(Greenland)
“It has been calculated that if Antarctica’s approximately 6,000,000 cubic miles of ice should melt, the level of the oceans all over the world would rise 200 feet.” 25 × 106 km3
(Antarctica)
Denmark/Greenland. Greenland Tourism. Danish Tourist Board. “The ice cap or inland ice covers 1,833,900 square km, equivalent to 85 percent of Greenland’s total area, and extends 2,500 km (1,553 miles) from north to south and up to 1,000 km from east to west. At its center, the ice can be up to 3 km thick, representing 10 percent of the world’s total fresh water reserves. If all the ice were to melt, the world’s oceans would rise seven meters.” < 5.5 × 106 km3
(Greenland)
Erickson, Jon. “Glacial Geology.”1996, 161. “The ice sheet rises nearly 3 miles in places, with an average thickness of over 7,000 feet amounting to about 7 million cubic miles of ice.” 29 × 106 km3
(Antarctica