Lithium-ion battery safety
Motivation:
Many of the flashlights discussed/reviewed/modded in Budget Light Forum (BLF) use Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Use of Lithium-ion batteries does introduce some risks, and requires more precautions than alkaline batteries. But like any tool, when used properly, the risks can be managed and reduced.
Nederlandse vertaling / Dutch Translation
Islandic þýðing / Islandic Translation
traduction française / French translation
Deutsche Übersetzung / German Translation
русский перевод / Russian Translation
Traducción al español / Spanish Translation
Tradução português / Portuguese translation
Превод на български / Bulgarian translation
Target audience:
This post outlines safety precautions for users that are new to Lithium-ion batteries. It does not attempt to provide a complete tutorial on Lithium-ion batteries nor the technical reasons for Li-ion dangers. It is intended as a starting point.
There will always be some disagreement about safety rules. Some of these safety rules may not apply to those of you who were lab assistants for Dr. Goodenough, but hopefully they are appropriate for newer users. You have to be aware of your knowledge and experience level.
Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries can be safely used when used properly.
Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries can be dangerous when improperly used.
- Buy quality batteries.
- Saving a few pennies on what may be questionable batteries is not worth it.
- Some cheaper batteries may be counterfeit or may be recycled/reclaimed.
- Experienced users do harvest batteries from battery packs.
- Wait until you have more experience with Li-ion before attempting.
- http://budgetlightforum.com/node/32720
- Battery reviews.
- Buy a quality battery charger.
- This is another place not to go the cheap route.
- An under-performing cell can be safe in a good charger but no cell is safe in a poor charger. (SawMaster)
- Read the reviews. Buy a brand name with a good review.
- Features to consider in a battery charger:
- Overcharge protection.
- Reverse polarity protection.
- Independent channels so you can charge different battery types or discharge levels at the same time.
- User interface that gives you what you like. Indicator lights vs. LCD display.
- The charger should charge at 4.2V +/- 0.05V, but the battery may come off at a different voltage.
- Charger reviews.
- This is another place not to go the cheap route.
- Buy and use a multi-meter.
- Many like Digital Multi-Meters (DMM).
- Learn to check your Lithium-ion batteries voltage.
- http://www.lygte-info.dk/info/Measurement%20UK.html
- Note: Not everyone agrees you need a DMM, but many people do recommend them.
- Charging / Discharging
- Batteries can be charged at: 0*C - 45*C (32*F - 113*F)
- Batteries can be discharged at: -20*C - 60*C (-4*F - 140*F)
- http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_at_high_and_low_temp....
- Don’t over charge your batteries.
- Max voltage should be 4.2V.
- Only charging to 4.1V may give you more recharge cycles.
- A good battery charger helps prevent over charging.
- Battery chargers may charge +/- 0.05V and still be in tolerance.
- After charging check your battery's voltage with your DMM after a short (~5 min) rest.
- http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries
- Don’t over discharge your batteries.
- Many people choose to recharge when their batteries reach 3.5- 3.6V
- Batteries are depleted when they reaches 2.7-3.0v. Recharge.
- Batteries begin to suffer damage if discharged to 2.5 volts.
- Batteries should be discarded if they discharge to 2.0 volts.
- Don’t charge your batteries when temperature is below freezing. (0*C / 32*F)
- Don’t let your batteries get too hot.
- If you are going to store your flashlight in your car in the summer, primary batteries are recommended over Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries.
- High temperatures degrade cells faster, but as long as the temp is less than 60*C (140*F) there is probably not a safety issue.
- For long term storage (months) it is best to store at 40-50% capacity. (3.77-3.87V)
- When not in a flashlight, batteries should always be in a protective carrier.
- This protects from shorting and physical damage.
- Never carry loose batteries in your pocket or bag.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1LjSuq0rk8 <==
- https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/fmehyjzcfccnkcs03xau.gif
- Don’t use batteries with physical damage.
- Protected batteries are generally safer than unprotected batteries.
- Protected batteries have a circuit built in which protects from over-charging and over-discharging.
- Protection circuits increase the length and width of the battery slightly. Protected batteries won’t fit in all flashlights. Know your flashlight.
- Some flashlights have low voltage protection and will cut off at low voltage. Know your flashlight.
- Some high draw flashlights will trip the protection circuit in a protected battery and require unprotected batteries. Know your flashlight.
- Multi-battery flashlights have higher risk than single-battery flashlights.
- If just starting out you may want to limit yourself to single-battery flash lights.
- When using multi-battery lights, to reduce the chance of uneven discharge between batteries, it is important that all the batteries:
- are the same type,
- are the same manufacture,
- have the same capacity (Ah) ,
- are charged to the same voltage.
- You may want to mark the batteries so you can use the same set together over time.
- Charge batteries in a location where there are not flammable materials.
- Put your charger on a counter, not on your sofa.
- Never leave charging batteries unattended.
- Check them periodically to make sure they are not getting hot. Warm is ok.
- Note: there are different opinions on how often you need to check.
- http://www.local10.com/news/local-10-investigates/lithium-ion-battery-bu...
- Damaged batteries can cause fires!
"Abuse conditions such as overcharge, over-discharge and internal short-circuits can lead to battery temperatures far beyond the manufacturer ratings. At a critical temperature, a chain of exothermic reactions can be triggered. The reactions lead to a further temperature increase, which in turn accelerates the reaction kinetics. This catastrophic self-accelerated degradation of the Li-ion battery is called thermal runaway.2"
"During thermal runaway, temperatures as high as 900 °C can be reached,3 and the battery can release a significant amount of burnable and (if inhaled in high concentrations) toxic gas.4"
Royal Society of Chemistry http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra45748f
- In the event of a Lithium-ion battery fire seek medical attention immediately.
- Burning or venting Lithium-ion batteries produce hydrogen fluoride.Symptoms from hydrogen fluoride injuries are not immediately apparent.
- "the battery can release a significant amount of burnable and (if inhaled in high concentrations) toxic gas.4"
- Royal Society of Chemistry http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra45748f
- Seek medical attention immediately. Don’t wait until you experience symptoms.
- http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/showthread.php?141137-Inhaled-vapors...!!!
- There are mixed opinions on using magnets to create button-tops from flat-top batteries.
- Don’t get batteries wet.
- Don’t burn batteries.
- Dispose of batteries properly.
-
Canada - http://call2recycle.ca/
-
United Kingdom - http://www.batteryback.org./
-
United States - http://call2recycle.org/
-
- Keep batteries out of the reach of children and pets.
- When swallowed, these small batteries get stuck in the esophagus (throat). The saliva triggers an electric current which causes a chemical reaction that can severely burn the esophagus in as little as two hours.
- A serious issue for children and pets.
-
Primarily an issue with button batteries, but potential exists with all batteries.
- http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/kohls-injury-prevention-program/lithium-button-batteries#.VuDp4jG-P7M
- http://www.emedicinehealth.com/battery_ingestion/article_em.htm
Further reading about Lithium-Ion Batteries:
- A Litany for Beginners: http://budgetlightforum.com/comment/904373#comment-904373
- Search post for “safety” - http://budgetlightforum.com/node/26665
- Li-ion Battery Safety and Shopping Guide - http://budgetlightforum.com/node/16699
- Li-ion Safety Concerns - http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lithium_ion_safety_concerns
- Lithium based batteries - http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lithium_based_batteries
- Battery Chemistry - https://batterybro.com/blogs/18650-wholesale-battery-reviews/18880255-ba...
- Types of Lithium Ion - http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
Please let me know what I've missed or what I've gotten wrong.
Thanks!
Battery technology changes rapidly. Please check the edit date below.
The length and width of a protected cell is bigger
What I do
Thank you Jack! Post has been updated.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
I’d recommend putting citations to sources behind the statements.
These batteries are “evolving” rapidly and the age, and source, for each belief is important to have on record.
I don’t mean you have to be responsible for pointing to the best source — just point to where you found what you felt reliable information, so people can go from there.
Regarding storage of batteries in a car during summer, there is some disagreement as to the actual risk:
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/42497
I’d suggest rewording the sentence to read:
“If you are going to store your flashlight in your car in the summer, primary batteries are recommended over Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries.”
And for some reason, the statement, “Protected batteries are safer than unprotected batteries,” irks me. Just a style issue. I would have phrased it, “Protected batteries are generally safer than unprotected batteries.” That’s because there are so many exceptions where unprotected batteries are as safe or safer than protected batteries. For example, PCB’s have been known to fail in multi-cell applications. Or the most simple example of a high quality unprotected cell versus a low quality protected cell. But I’m getting picky.
Rule 1-1 as it applies to life, take it as it comes.All I want to say is: Thanks for putting this thread together! :GRADE:
Edit: Oh wait, as long as we’re allowed to be ‘picky’ here, it should be cell/cells rather than battery/batteries.
The Cycle of Goodness: “No one prospers without rendering benefit to others”
- The YKK Philosophy
Is it normal for liIon cells to get a bit warm whist charging?
I’ve never felt any of mine go above ambient.
And not to be a knob,but what’s the difference? That’s one thing I’ve never seen explained.
http://www.engineersedge.com/battery/cells_vs_batteries.htm I beat David to the punch
Cheers, makes sense now.
Thanks! beautiful thread!
It is done when it is done
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Lithium Ion safety 101 important read
Sorry grammarlovers, I am a real King Typo.
Great info, looks pretty complete and easy to read.
One thing that you may want to expound upon is;
“Don’t over charge your batteries.
Max voltage should be 4.2V”
Maybe explain that most chargers have a tolerance of 1%, so for instance 4.22 volts is not a problem.
Hate to see new members obsess over .02-.04 volts.
Also all voltages should be measured after a short “rest period” and not instantly after coming off charger.
This also does not cover LifePo 3.2 volt or 4.3, 4.35 batteries, but that is another show as they say
Thanks for putting this list together Mr. Scott
Later,
Keith
The difference between Hoarding and Collecting is the illusion of Organization
.
“History doesn’t repeat itself, but it sometimes rhymes,” Mark Twain
…
After the Apocalypse there will be only 2 things left alive, Cockroaches and Keith Richards
Hank,
Thanks for the comment. References are good. Unfortunately I’ve been copy-and-pasting things into a word file as I came across them and haven’t been saving the references. I will attempt to find as many citations as I can.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
Done and done. Thank you! Picky is fine.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
> copy-and-pasting thing into a word file
If you still have the original text you copied and pasted, just paste a chunk of it back into a Google search as a quoted string; likely it’ll take you right to where it first appeared.
If not, at least, going forward, it’s easy to capture the source URL as well as the words you want, which will help as this evolved.
This should absolutely be a sticky.
Curiosity killed the cat……But I’m not a cat…..
What is “short” with respect to “a short rest period”? As a newbie that is one of my first thoughts.
I thought I’d read that tolerances were +/- 0.05v for chargers. Of course I can’t find the citation right now. >:-/
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
A few minutes should be fine for accurate voltage measuring. Wait until the cells cool down to use them in their respective device.
Curiosity killed the cat……But I’m not a cat…..
You’re right. I was thinking Short being 5 minutes. Sorry I did not include an actual time frame.
1% tolerance in this case would be .042 volts so yes near .05 volts would be a reasonable variance.
Members should also realize that the health and even size of a cell can also effect voltage termination values.
My experience has shown that many times a smaller cell such as a 16340 may end charging at 4.17- 4.18 where as a normal 18650 on the same charger would come off at 4.20-4.22.
So if the user only were to try the 16340 cell they may think there is something wrong with the charger when this is not the case.
As in many things in life you are looking for a suitable safe range and not an absolute value on each and every cell.
I agree with your recommendation that the user chose a good name brand charger and not just an unmarked charger.
Thanks
The difference between Hoarding and Collecting is the illusion of Organization
.
“History doesn’t repeat itself, but it sometimes rhymes,” Mark Twain
…
After the Apocalypse there will be only 2 things left alive, Cockroaches and Keith Richards
MR. SCOTT, WELL DONE!!!!
Well done, I am in awe that you took the time to do this, and I think that it has the potential to save an unknown number of li-ion battery users a whole deal of time/grief/injury.
I have some thoughts. What I am going to say comes from having worked with many people who are new to the field I work in and trying to be more effectively informative without wasting time or coming across as condescending.
1. Delete the first two paragraphs. You do not need to excuse yourself for trying to save people bodily injury. Acutely, the first paragraph could be a few pictures of people that have suffered such injuries due to the improper care of li-ion cells, although that may come across as offensive or heavy-handed to many. I think a quick explanation of the dangers of li-ion cells followed by a brief explanation of what is contained in the guide would suffice as a more pleasant alternative to that, but getting to the point quickly and concisely, especially in a thread designed on promoting safety, is important.
2. The section on a lithium battery fire is not substantially alarming. It needs to be much more of a noticeable bullet point. I’ve seen several “venting with flame” claims by manufacturers that seem to have the intention of assuring the customer that no real danger is present. The chemicals released during a li-ion fire are bad enough that medical attention is necessary immediately instead of the next day to prevent chronic problems.
I think you did a bang up job on this and I appreciate how much work it is to put something like this together, and I thank you for doing it. Kudos to you Mr. Scott.
Couple of concerns.
This thread is posted in the “Rechargeable Batteries” category not the “Rechargeable Cells” Category.
HKJ only seems to review batteries, not cells.
That is a lot of editing for this post.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
Picky, picky, picky. “Cells” and “batteries” are generally understood to be the same thing by the average person, though when being picky there is a difference. In this context I’d say the terms are understandable and interchangeable- remember the audience and address them as they will best understand. When addressing noobs I usually put something like this: batteries (cells).
On the preambles, yes do shorten them. Simply say the guide is aimed toward the novice users and is not meant to cover every aspect of LiIon rechargeables but only to provide a general guide which will allow their safe use.
On chargers add more emphasis to the absolute need for known safe chargers. An under-performing cell can be safe in a good charger but no cell is safe in a poor charger.
On the dangers of cheap cells, add or link to venting with flame vids and pics; be graphic about how serious these dangers can be. Also add something more on not breathing the fumes at all as this is probably the most potentially harmful aspect of most venting episodes.
And I’m looking forward to seeing this get “stickied” and referred to regularly- it deserves no less!
Phil
Yep. combustion of the components is what produces hydrogen fluoride, and that’s the delayed-injury problem doctors need to think about.
https://www.google.com/search?q=li-ion+battery+combustion+vent+fluoride
The voltage drop immediately off the charger mentioned here should be added to his thread (unless its already there and i missed it)
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/45344
The Journal of Alternative Facts TM
"It is critical that there is a credible academic source for the growing and important discipline of alternative facts. This field of study will just keep winning, and we knew that all the best people would want to be on board. There is a real risk in the world today that people might be getting their information about science from actual scientists"
Nice post Mr.Scott. Thanks.
djozz quotes, "it came with chinese lettering that is chinese to me".
"My man mousehole needs one too"
old4570 said "I'm not an expert , so don't suffer from any such technical restrictions".
Old-Lumens. Highly admired and cherished member of Budget Light Forum. 11.5.2011 - 20.12.16. RIP.
This should be translated so as much nationalities can read up.
Here is the same in Dutch
Please other Dutchies, give me some corrections for grammer or wrongfully put scentences, being King Typo, surely there are many.
——————————————————————
Doel publiek:
Deze post geeft een overzicht van veiligheid maatregelen voor gebruikers die nieuw zijn in het gebruik van Lithim-ion batterijen.
Dit is geen compleet overzicht over Lithium-ion batterijen en geeft geen technische redenen van Li-ion gevaren. Het is bedoeld als begin punt.
Er zal waarschijnlijk altijd wel wat onenigheid zijn over de veiligheidsregels. Sommige van deze veiligheid regels kunnen niet van toepassing zijn voor mensen die lab assistenten waren van Dr. John Goodenough, maar hopelijk zijn ze goed te gebruiken door nieuwere gebruikers. Je dient je bewust te wezen van je kennis en ervaringsniveau.
Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen kunnen veilig zijn als ze goed gebruikt worden.
Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen kunnen gevaarlijk zijn als ze niet goed gebruikt worden.
Koop kwaliteit batterijen.
Een paar centen besparen door batterijen van wellicht mindere kwaliteit te kopen is het niet waard.
Sommige goedkopere batterijen kunnen namaak zijn, of hergebruikt en dus een oude of slechte batterij herbergen onder de mooie nieuwe plastic buitenlaag.
https://batterybro.com/blogs/18650-wholesale-battery-reviews/18852875-re... (link is external)
http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1421555-chinas-sloppy-battery-industry-t… (link is external)
Ervaren gebruikers kunnen batterijen uit andere apparatuur winnen, zoals notebooks.
Wacht met deze praktijken tot je ervaring hebt en de juist apparatuur voor je dit zelf proberen gaat.
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/32720
Batterij reviews.
http://budgetlightforum.com/forum/batteries/rechargeable/reviews
http://budgetlightforum.com/forum/batteries/rechargeable
http://www.lygte-info.dk/info/indexBatteriesAndChargers%20UK.html (link is external)
Koop en gebruik een goede oplader.
Ook hier is het belangrijk niet de goedkoopste route te bewandelen.
Een batterij van mindere kwaliteit kan veilig zijn in een goede lader, maar geen enkele batterij is veilig in een slechte lader.(quote van BLF gebruiker SawMaster)
Lees de reviews, en koop een merk batterij met een goede review.
Zaken om rekening mee the houden bij aanschaf:
Overlaad bescherming (Overcharge protection)
Polariteit verwissel bescherming (Reverse polarity protection)
Onafhankelijke kanalen zodat je verschillende type batterijen of batterijen die niet gelijk zijn ontladen an opladen op hetzelfde moment.
Hoe communiceert de lader met je, bijvoorbeeld met indicatie lampjes of een LCD scherm.
De lader moet laden met 4.2V +/- 0.05V, maar de batterij mag met een iets andere lading klaar zijn met laden.
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/45344
laders reviews.
http://budgetlightforum.com/forum/batteries/chargers/reviews
http://budgetlightforum.com/forum/batteries/chargers
http://www.lygte-info.dk/info/indexBatteriesAndChargers%20UK.html (link is external)
Koop en gebruik een multi meter.
Velen prefereren een digitale (Digital Multi-Meters (DMM))
Leer het voltage van je Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen te controleren.
http://www.lygte-info.dk/info/Measurement%20UK.html (link is external)
Niet iedereen is van mening dat een DMM noodzakelijk is, maar de meesten zijn wel deze mening toegedaan.
Laden/ontladen
Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen kunnen worden opgeladen bij: 0*C – 45*C (32*F – 113*F)
Ze kunnen worden ontladen (gebruikt) bij: -20*C – 60*C (-4*F – 140*F)
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_at_high_and_low_temp… (link is external).
Overlaad geen batterijen. het maximale voltage mag 4.2V zijn.
Ze slechts opladen tot 4.1V kan ervoor zorgen dat je ze vaker kan opladen
Een goede lader zal beschermen tegen overladen.
Sommige laders kunnen +/- 0.05V laden en dat is binnen de marge.
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/45344
Na het laden controleer het voltage van je Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen met je DMM na een korte rustperiode van ~5 min).
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries (link is external)
Velen zullen hun batterijen opladen als ze 3.5- 3.6V bereikt hebben.
Een Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterij is uitgeput/ontladen als deze 2.7-3.0V bereikt. Herladen.
Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen lopen schade op als de ontladen zijn tot 2.5 volts.
Een Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterij moet worden afgechreven (afgegeven recycle punt) als deze ontladen is tot 2.0 volts.
Geen batterijen opladen als het onder nul graden is. (0*C / 32*F)
Laat Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen niet te heet worden.
Als je een zaklamp in de auto wilt bewaren in de zomer, gebruik dan niet oplaadbare batterijen.
Hoge temperaturen zorgen voor slijtagedegradatie van de batterijen. Echter, zolang de temperatuur minder is dan 60*C (140*F) zal er waarschijnlijk geen veiligheidsrisico wezen. .
http://budgetlightforum.com/node/42497
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_at_high_and_low_temp… (link is external).
Voor langere opslag van Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen (voor maanden) kan men het beste de batterijen opslaan met 40-50% capaciteit. (Dus opgeladen tot 3.77-3.87V)
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_store_batteries (link is external)
Bewaar Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen altijd in een beschermende behuizing (zoals een plastic goed passend doosje) als ze niet in een zaklamp zitten. Z o kunnen ze niet kortsluiten of beschadigen.
Draag geen losse Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen in je zakken of tas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1LjSuq0rk8 (link is external) <==
Gebruik geen Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen die uiterljke beschadigingen hebben.
Over het algemeen zijn batterijen met bescherming (protected) veiliger dan Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen zonder bescherming (unprotected).
Een beschermde (protected) batterij heeft electronica ingebouwd welke bescherming hoort te bieden tegen overladen en te ver ontladen.
Deze beschermende onderdelen maken de beschermde batterij wel iets langer en dikker.
Dus zullen beschermde batterijen niet in elke zaklamp passen, ken je zaklamp.
En zijn zaklampen die een laag voltage bescherming hebben en zichzelf uitzetten als de batterij leeg begint te raken, ken je zaklamp.
Sommige veel stroom gebruikende zaklampen zullen de bescherming van batterijen aan doen slaan en kunnen alleen werken met onbeschermde batterijen, ken je zaklamp.
Zaklampen met meerdere batterijen lopen meer risico dan zaklampen met een enkele batterij.
Als je nieuw bent in de zaklamp wereld, begin met een zaklamp die werkt op 1 Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterij.
Als je zaklampen gebruikt met meerdere batterijen dan is het de bedoeling ze gelijk te laten ontladen en slijten en te voorkomen dat ze ongelijk zijn.
Het is belangrijk dat alle batterijen:
hetzelfde type zijn,
van dezelfde fabrikant zijn,
dezelfde capaciteit hebben (Ah),
geladen zijn tot hetzelfde voltage.
Je zal ze willen markeren om ze te herkennen en gebruiken als een set.
Het laden van Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen:
Doe dit op een plek zonder brandbare of licht ontvlambare materialen.
Plaats de lader op een ij voorkeur stenen ondergrond en niet op de bank.
Blijf in de buurt en laat de ladende batterijen niet onbeheerd.
Voel regelmatig of de batterijen niet te het worden, wat warm is goed maar heet niet.
Let op, er zijn verschillende meningen over hoe vaak te voelen beter te vaak dan te weinig.
http://www.local10.com/news/local-10-investigates/lithium-ion-battery-bu… (link is external)
Beschadgde batterijen kunnen brand veroorzaken!
Misbruik zoals overladen, te ver ontladen en interne kortsluitingen kunnen leiden tot een temperatuur die veel hoger ligt dan fabrikanten aangeven als veilig. Op een kritieke temperatuur kan er een ketting reactie ontstaan die exotherm is. Deze reactie zal tot nog hogere temperaturen leiden welke de (kinetische) reactie verder zal doen versnellen.
Deze catastrofale zichzelf versnellende afbraak van de Lithium-ion batterij heet een thermal runaway.
De temperatuur kan oplopen tot 900 °C.
De Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterij ka een redelijk grote hoeveelheid brandbaar en giftig (als het de longen bereikt door inademen) gas produceren.
Royal Society of Chemistry http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra45748f (link is external)
In het geval van brand en ontsnappend gas zoek onmiddellijk medische hulp.
Brandende of gas producerende Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen produceren hydrogen fluoride.
Symptomen van blootstelling hieraan zijn niet direct duidelijk,
“De batterij kan een flinke hoeveelheid brandbaar en (als ingeademd in hogere concentraties) giftig gas produceren.
Royal Society of Chemistry http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra45748f (link is external)
Zoek onmiddellijk medische hulp, wacht niet tot symptomen merkbaar worden.
http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/showthread.php?141137-Inhaled-vapors… (link is external)!!!
Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen zijn er zonder knop en met.
Er zijn gemixte gevoelens om een magneetje te gebruiken om de batterijen zonder knoop bruikbaar te maken in zaklampen die er knop batterij nodig hebben.
Houdt Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen droog.
Verbrandt geen Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen.
Dank ze correct af (een stukje plakband over de uiteinden en afgeven bij recycle punt of verzamelbak batterijen.
Het is niet veilig om Lithium-ion oplaadbare batterijen te eten.
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It is done when it is done
How my BLF Specials generally work, please read before asking Qs
The Q8, Exciting a groupbuy for a Premium BLF special high lumens soda can light!
The GT, A BLF special GIGA thrower
The FW3A, a TLF BLF special small, elegant, powerful triple
Lithium Ion safety 101 important read
Sorry grammarlovers, I am a real King Typo.
Asked several BLFers to do a translation kiriba-ru is going to do it to Russian.
X3 is looking into French
It is done when it is done
How my BLF Specials generally work, please read before asking Qs
The Q8, Exciting a groupbuy for a Premium BLF special high lumens soda can light!
The GT, A BLF special GIGA thrower
The FW3A, a TLF BLF special small, elegant, powerful triple
Lithium Ion safety 101 important read
Sorry grammarlovers, I am a real King Typo.
Dank je wel The Miller! I’ve never been translated before.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
Graag gedaan!
And hopefully more will come! You can brag your work has been translated in Russian, French, Dutch and who knows maybe/hopefully even more!
Wear a baret and the girls will flock to you
It is done when it is done
How my BLF Specials generally work, please read before asking Qs
The Q8, Exciting a groupbuy for a Premium BLF special high lumens soda can light!
The GT, A BLF special GIGA thrower
The FW3A, a TLF BLF special small, elegant, powerful triple
Lithium Ion safety 101 important read
Sorry grammarlovers, I am a real King Typo.
I’ve added a link from the main post to your translation post so people can quickly jump down there.
Now I guess if I update the main post I should PM you and let you know which section/lines were updated so you don’t have to try to scan the whole post to find it. I believe I’ve incorporated all the feedback (except the battery/cell – sorry David) so I don’t anticipate many more changes.
But if anyone sees something please let me know.
Lithium Ion Battery Safety
Well done, Mr. Scott, the pictures solidify the point of the thread as well as add authenticity to it.
Thanks again for taking the time.
Nice work, Mr. Scott!!
Well researched, well presented, and much needed as well! I’m really looking forward to watching this baby grow!
I won’t even bug you over the gratuitous “burnt battery” picture, since your intended audience probably does need to be viscerally frightened into Paying Attention…
“There is no darkness but ignorance.”
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