This is not quite right. When Cree makes a production run of 70.2 LEDs for instance, every single one will be slightly different. So each LED is tested as it comes off the assembly line very quickly by a machine that applies a specific voltage to it and then it has advanced optical sensors that can identify the brightness and tint of the LED.
Then Cree divides up these LED’s by brightness and tint. If you look at the data sheet for the 70.2 you will see the range of brightness and tint for each bin.
If we look at the brightness bins we have to understand that Cree needs to decide what range each emitter needs to have. They also don’t want too many bins. So they have P2, N4, N2, M4, M2, K4, K2 and J4. That’s 8 brightness levels and each level is roughly 7% higher or lower than the bin next to it.
They measure the brightness by applying 6v and 2.1A at both 25°C and at 85°C.
The middle point, in lumens, from a N4 bin at 85°C is 1710 lumens.
The middle point of the N2 is 1590.
The middle point of the M4 is 1485, etc…
So when the led is tested on the line and it puts out 1560 lumens it will be tossed into the N2 bin because it is closer to the N2 than the M4.
So any particular bin (just talking about brightness) is going contain a range of brightnesses. They are all fairly close, within 7. (Keep in mind that Cree only guarantees the brightness bin to be within 14. So they give themselves some wiggle room in case they bin it incorrectly)
So you can have 2 Leds, an N4 that is near the bottom of it range and an N2 that can be near the top of its range. Both will be almost the same brightness.
Then with the Tint, Cree uses an Ansi standard chromaticity regions chart which is divided into a lot of sections. Each section has a range of tints. Like a 1D falls between 6100K and 6400K. A 1C also falls into that 6100K to 6400K range but are divided yet again by how high or low they are from the BBL, etc… This is too complicated, but you get the point. Cree uses at least 28 different tint bins.
So lots of different bins for both brightness and tint. 8 x 28 = 224 combinations.
You can learn a lot just by looking over the Cree 70.2 data sheet. Here is a link to download it. I hope this makes sense. :+1:
Also, keep in mind that these emitters were not designed to be used in flashlights. They’re typically used in street lights and in home interior lighting. Both applications have multiple LEDs all in close proximity to each other so it’s very important you have a similar brightness and color for them all. Each bin is sold by the real which contains 1,000 LEDs. These LEDs will be from various batches.