HI-MAX 18650 Protection Circuit Not Working?!

After conducting some runtime tests it appears that the protection circuit in my Hi-Max 18650 isn't working.

During this runtime test I started to get suspicious and so I pulled the cell out and measured the voltage.

A voltage of 2.6v - This is over discharged... isn't it?!

I'm interested to see how low it goes before finally tripping.

Which mode was chosen? High, mid, low? Low modes sometimes haven't enough current to trip the protection circuit.

It's mid mode, drawing 900mA from a 4.2v fully charged cell.

I thought that the protection circuit (in this case) would look at the cell voltage and call the shots depending on the voltage.

Not much of a protection circuit if not!

As far as I recall those protection circuits are never completely "worry-free" on any cells... LiIon always require safe handling and a DMM at hand. Did the protection work on high?

In my runtime test on high I went down to 2.65v and the protection still wasn't triggered; which is even more worrying.

Good thing I haven't been using them in any of my multi cell lights.

Right now they appear to be in vampire mode, whiling to be sucked dry!

I am seriously unimpressed by my set of Hi-Max cells. I definitely won't be buying them again. If they were branded as unprotected cells I wouldn't be complaining.

I'll leave it another 30 minutes and I'll measure the voltage again. To be honest I want to see how low they go as this isn't normal for a protected cell. If anyone at WOW/Hi-Max want to chime in and offer to replace my 6 dodgy cells, please go ahead and say hello!

You are very right Vectrex! Li-ion cells are always to be taken with a big pinch of carefulness!

I was thinking of getting 6 of these. Maybe not now…

2.57v now.

I've had to stop the test as I'm about to go to bed. It wouldn't be too wise continuing without keeping a close eye on this cell.

Tomorrow after work I will continue to see how low it will go before tripping (if it ever does!!).

I've never had to go this low before. But when it comes to conducting runtime tests it's essential to have a decent protected cell which will draw the line at ideally 2.7v. If not, it totally screws up the runtime graph! As other users will have a different expectation of the light, as most protected cells will trip at around 2.7v.

The 6 cells in question were purchased in March 2011 from an Ebay user. It might be difficult to track exactly whom.

I'm guessing all 6 most likely have this fault. But we shall see...

Please try to trip the low-voltage protection in HI mode, and see if that makes a difference.

I've experienced PCBs that would not trip the low-volt trigger unless a certain current draw was used. While 900Ma seems quite high for this threshold, this may be the issue.

I had a light with a fairly high standby (parasitic) current draw, due to the early electronic switch design. I was not aware of the high standby draw at the time, and when the light was put into use in an emergency situation, the cell was at 2.2V and toasted.

The P60 drop-in is struggling to get into HI mode at this moment in time with this cell, as there isn't significant power left in the cell. The modes are not cycling properly.

In a separate runtime test in HI mode with the same drop-in and with one of my Hi-Max cells I got down to 2.65v before I stopped the test. It's really not good!

I'm not saying that we all should rely on the protection to trip, but isn't this why we buy protected cells? To add a little layer of security.

It shouldn't matter how much current is being drawn from the cell, any protection circuit worth a damn should trip once the cell reaches a set voltage.

While I've heard of PCBs having trip levels as low as 2.4v, that seems pretty useless for our needs.

I definitely agree! Having a protection circuit which trips at 2.4v is absolutely pointless! It might as well be an unprotected cell as far as I'm concerned!

I'm whiling to ruin one of my Hi-Max cells tomorrow just to see how low the voltage of the cell will go until the protection trips!

That's the spirit.. ;-)

900 mAh was with full batteries, what is it pulling from the almost empty cell on mid?

Tenergy seems to make their PCB to trip at 2.5V

Just a suggestion. Maybe try a different charger? Sometimes a different charger can trip the circuit back into action.

You should never rely on the protection circuit to trip when discharging Li-ion cells, even if it does trip you are discharging your cells far too deeply if you expect to get the maximum life from your cells. There really isn't much capacity below about 3.3 Volts, all you're doing is shortening the life of your cells.

As a general rule that is wrong, the Panasonic 2900/3100 cells has a lot of capacity below 3.3 volt. At 5 ampere current draw it is more than half capacity.

Before I went to sleep last night I tested the cell voltage again.

It had risen from 2.60v to 2.80v

This morning after testing again (a cell rest of 8 hours) the cell voltage is 3.2v

Current draw on MID mode at 3.2v is 230mA

I agree that may be true for the Panasonics, but for the majority of cells I've tested the graph drops off quite steeply below 3.3V / 3.2V.

I just looked through some of your tests and they confirm the above statement. This one as an example http://budgetlightforum.com/comment/reply/7000?quote=1#comment-form

Did you charge it?

It is the only one that behave that way or all you have?

Many does, especially if you keep the load below 2A, but at higher load you need to discharge to a lower voltage.

Here from another TrustFire battery: