Bike lights -- do any of us actually need one?

Having an external battery pack can definitely increase brightness and runtime options, but single cell lights can also work for lots of people.

Lighting requirements vary a lot with speed and terrain. And I think there is additionally a relatively large range of acceptable brightness because of our eyes logarithmic sensitivity to light; even a 2x increase or decrease in brightness does not seem like a huge change.

Here is what works for me riding on curvy off-road trails in the woods of Ohio. My speed varies from roughly 5 to 20mph. You can read about my lights here. My handlebar light has a wide beam and about 6kcd. My helmet light has about 20kcd. I estimate my handlebar light is useful for illuminating a wide area up to 5m away which means the light puts about 240lux at that distance. And I estimate when I’m going fast I need to look 10m ahead on the trail and my helmet light puts about 200lux and illuminates a 6ft wide area at that distance.

According to this site:

200 lux is between a very dark day and an overcast day. Or about the level of lighting in a coffee break room or to do easy office work.