What style of welding should i learn and why?

Despite what was said above, there is nothing wrong with multi-pass welding. How do you think they weld pipe casings with 3” think walls?

You don’t do multiple passes on a butt joint just trying to penetrate deeper. You prepare the workpeices with a chamfer, and multi-pass weld it. If you want to get really precise, there are different preferred patterns for laying down multipass welds based on materials, thicknesses, type of joint, and angle of the workpeice. You will learn that the angle of the workpeice, and the direction you travel with the gun matters (uphill vs downhill and pushing vs pulling).