Juno mission to Jupiter, critical phase is near.

A heads-up, for those who might be interested.

In under twelve hours time the Juno mission to Jupiter will decelerate, to enter orbit around Jupiter.

It is the fasted man made object yet created, travelling at 160,000 mph.

At about 03:15 AM GMT tomorrow, 5 July (still 4 July in the USA :wink: ), it’s engine will fire, to decelerate it until it can be captured by Jupiter’s gravity.

Fingers crossed that all goes to plan.

Nasa

Wikipedia

The Guardian article

BBC News

And some “human interest” background about the Leros engine, copied from an article in The Sunday Times:

This is it, son: Jupiter mission rests on us
Jonathan Leake, Science Editor
June 26 2016, 12:01am,
The Sunday Times

The fate of Nasa’s ambitious attempt to put a probe into orbit around Jupiter depends on an engine built by a father-and-son team from Buckinghamshire.

The engine assembled by Mike and Nick Hodgins will begin a crucial 35-minute burn next week aimed at decelerating the speeding Juno probe so that it can enter orbit around the giant planet.

The stakes are high. If the engine succeeds, Juno could carry out some of the most innovative research yet done around another planet. If it fails, the £770m probe will hurtle into outer space.

Mike Hodgins, from Aylesbury, who left school at 16 and then took a City and Guilds certificate in engineering, built the engine with his son after Nasa commissioned Moog Westcott, their employer, to provide Juno’s propulsion.

“I started out as an apprentice engineer in 1970, but I have been building these rocket engines since the late 1980s,” said Hodgins, 62. “I bolt or weld them together and then test them — it takes about a month to assemble each one. Then they get shipped away for fitting to the spacecraft.”

Hodgins and his son, 28, who joined the firm after taking an engineering degree, built Juno’s engine some years ago — Juno was launched in 2011 but is only now about to arrive at Jupiter.

Its crucial moment is due at about 4.15am on July 5, British time, when Nasa’s software will release two volatile chemicals into its combustion chamber, where they should spontaneously ignite.

For an engine measuring 3ft long and weighing just 9lb, the energy the reaction will release is intense — roughly equivalent to the output of a Formula One racing car. The engine’s temperature will rise from near absolute zero to around 2,800C as it burns 300 litres of propellant in 35 minutes, squirting hot gases into space at 7,000mph.

“Juno is currently overtaking Jupiter on its track around the sun, travelling 1,118mph faster than the planet,” said Ian Coxhill, chief engineer at Moog Westcott, who oversaw the engine’s design. “The engine’s job is to decelerate Juno so that its speed matches that of Jupiter.”

Nick Hodgins described the Juno mission as the “cutting edge of space science” and said July 4 and 5 would see “a lot of bitten fingernails”.

Moog Westcott has a rich history. In the 1950s it was a UK government research centre, running the nation’s guided missiles programme from the Westcott RAF base, from which it gets its name. Nowadays the engines built by Hodgins and his colleagues are used mainly for communications satellites — but an interplanetary mission is something special.

Jupiter has fascinated astronomers since Galileo turned his telescope on it in 1610, but little is known about anything under its thick gas clouds.

Juno’s task is to peer through those clouds. One instrument will measure the gravity to see if there is a rocky planet like Earth hidden within.

Another will study Jupiter’s atmosphere, hunting for hydrogen, which may exist as a metallic liquid that conducts electricity, generating the planet’s magnetic fields.

Juno has travelled 1.7bn miles but will last just two years because the planet’s radiation will wreck its instruments.

The success of the mission now depends entirely on the firing of the rocket engine. Hodgins Sr and Jr will be getting up early to watch it on Nasa’s internet channel. They will, however, have no idea if it has worked as planned until after the rocket has finished firing. This is because Jupiter and Juno are so far from Earth — now about 500m miles — that radio waves take 45 minutes to reach us.

Meanwhile, the duo have moved on to other projects and are now working on a new engine, with twice the power of the Juno version, to power a European Space Agency “sample-return” mission to bring back the first rock samples from Mars.

Mike Hodgins’s rockets have reached other ambitious destinations — he co-built the motor powering Nasa’s Near Shoemaker probe when it landed on Eros, an asteroid, in 2001.

FYI: NASA Briefing at 12 Noon EST

thank you for this post, i would have never known

The “Explorer” app[lication] for computers and phones is available to download.
Once you have it, you can follow several projects including the instruments at Jupiter and Ceres in animations, various views, and real-time or accelerated timelines

Cool, I didn’t know it was moving that fast, still dead slow for space travel but an improvement, Hope we soon find a better faster way of traveling the vast distances of space…

266,000 km/h is speedy all right, but not for the stars.

Can you imagine the orbit calculations necessary to sling-shot around earth to gain velocity?

Fastest moving lego toys ever. (for a cute touch, there are legos figurines aboard.)

Is that probe using nuclear batteries? Don’t want scientists to nuke Jupiter again like with the Galileo probe… :open_mouth:
http://www.enterprisemission.com/NukingJupiter.html

> to deliver it precisely on 4 July
That was happenstance,— it took some five years of travel in a complicated path to get it up to speed to arrive there at all.
Fortuitous, though. A few years ago, they thought July 5th:
http://spaceflight101.com/juno/juno-mission-trajectory-design/
http://spaceflight101.com/juno/juno-captures-unique-view-of-earth-moon-in-cosmic-ballet/

Hello! Here’s a livestream! :wink: Juno probe enters Jupiter's orbit following 'amazing' Nasa mission – as it happened | Jupiter | The Guardian

Great result indeed!

Welcome to the fifth rock from the sun….

OK, my source for thinking they was a National Public Radio interview a couple of days ago with one of the mission scientists at JPL, who said they did not aim for July 4th but were delighted to arrive that date. I’ll see if I can find the original mission plan somewhere. If anyone knows where it is, I’d be curious to have a look at it.

I’m even more curious about why they plan so few orbits before diving into Jupiter. I’d guess it’s because they expect really fast degradation due to the radiation environment around Jupiter (by contrast Cassini at Saturn has lasted for years and is still doing good work)

Scott Bolton, Principal Investigator:

But the patriotic arrival date is a happy coincidence, according to the project’s principal investigator, Scott Bolton, who directs the space sciences department at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas.

“We did not actually select July 4,” Bolton told FoxNews.com during a June interview. “Celestial mechanics selected it.”

A variety of factors led to the spacecraft arriving on that date, he said. And an earlier plan had called for a different launch date that would have caused Juno to get to Jupiter at a different time. Once July 4 became the arrival date, he said there would have been a cost in terms of fuel, and less time to do science, if they moved it off Independence Day.

“It came by accident, and it wasn’t worth paying to move it away,” he said.

But even if it was a coincidence, Bolton said that he’s happy with the craft’s arrival date.

Sounds like happenstance.

This month is a great time to view Jupiter and reflect on the awesome discoveries looming just ahead:

Jupiter lights up the sky almost immediately after sunset. From mid-northern latitudes, the planet shines in the southwest sky at nightfall. From the Southern Hemisphere, look in the north to northwest sky as darkness falls.

For all of us, Jupiter sets in the west at late evening in the beginning of the month and early evening by the month’s end. It will start to fade into the sunset by late August.

Jupiter is almost impossible to miss. It’s the fourth-brightest celestial object, after the sun, moon and Venus. But Venus is now lost – or nearly lost – in the glare of the sun, so Jupiter rules the nighttime on July evenings. As evening falls, Mars and Saturn shine in the southern sky, while Jupiter appears in the west. So it should be pretty easy to distinguish Jupiter from ruddy Mars, especially since these two brilliant worlds shine in different parts of the sky.

http://spacedashboard.com/ is a good general resource

Juno is on its first orbit, it will be a while before pictures begin to be released (they’re sent as bits and pieces, pun intended, and have to be reassembled as well as cleaned up)

Each orbit is quite a bit longer than one around the earth and transmission is blocked for half of it.

It’s a polar orbit:


http://spaceflight101.com/juno/outline-junos-capture-orbits-around-jupiter/

Juno is solar powered (420 watts with 2x55Ah li-ion batteries.)
Therefore, Juno’s orbit around Jupiter is designed so the spacecraft is never in eclipse.