No, you do need equipment. HKJ does a 2.5K then 5K high voltage test. This gives some indication if insulation is adequate between the AC / mains voltage and the usb side. Also may catch the capacitor between primary and secondary fail closed (not a safety capacitor or a counterfeit one). There is insulation inside the transformer so a visual inspection can not be done unless you disassemble / destroy the transformer.
If you have the knowledge, you could do a visual inspection for obvious problems but that is not enough.